What is Artificial Intelligence with Examples

 

Relevance :

   GS3: Science and Technology- Developments and their applications and effects in daily life.

 Reference :

     According to a NASSCOM study, India has seen a substantial increase in the number of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based patents filed in the last 5 years - 6 times more than the number of patents filed between 2011 and 2015.

Key Points:

• Globally, India was ranked 8th among the top 10 AI-related patent filing countries. Notably, India did not have AI-related patent filings until 2002.

• Over 5,000 patents were filed in the last decade, of which 94 percent were filed in the last 5 years.

• More than 60% of them have their origin in India.

• Machine learning is the most popular AI technology after computer vision.

• 5X increase in funding to Indian AI firms that are privately held.

 What is AI (Artificial Intelligence)?

            Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks. Most AI examples that you hear about today – from chess-playing computers to self-driving cars – rely heavily on deep learning and natural language processing.

  Advantages :

 •   Economic growth driver: NITI Aayog said that the adoption of AI can increase the Gross Value Added (GVA) of our economy by 15%.

•   Agriculture: The use of AI-based technology can improve the efficiency of precision farming and remote sensing in crop selection.

•    Manufacturing: The Make-in-India program may get a shot in the arm with AI-assisted technology.

•    Transportation: The driverless car has the potential to reduce the number of road accidents and thus achieve the goals set by the Brasilia Declaration.

•     Education: AI-based technology can help assess the rationality of the learning gap and recommend measures to reduce it. It can also help in automating assessment activities.

•     Health: AI tools help analyze data and diagnose diseases with greater accuracy and help solve complex issues in the healthcare system.

•     Banking Sector: With AI, banking will become more streamlined and there will be a comprehensive solution to the issues of risk management, customer experience.

•    Weather Forecasting: AI-based technology can enhance weather forecasting and thus help strengthen our climate-resilient practices.

 •      AI can also help with mining and exploration. For example, the discovery of shale gas is difficult because of the uncertainties that surround it. AI can help reduce the economic drain in such processes.

        

  Challenges :

 •  Data Center:  AI-based technologies work on big data, which has high computational capacity. It is challenging to set up such a center in our country with the present technology.

•  Energy Consumption: To reduce energy consumption, IT companies are relocating their data centers to colder places like Siberia as about 40% of the energy consumption is directed towards cooling the IT equipment.

 •  Sovereign Law: Data localization is becoming a norm lately. Example: EU GDPR. In such a situation, it is becoming difficult for companies to store data in the countries of their convenience.

•  Environmental impact: Coolants are made of hazardous chemicals that produce toxic gases, increasing the carbon footprint.

•  Growing Gap: The technology gap between developed and developing countries is further widening the gap between countries. AI-assisted technologies will widen this gap.

•  Privacy concerns: AI uses digital footprints, which can help consumers exploit them without their consent.

        

  Government Steps :

 •     In 2014, a laboratory of DRDO, Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) was set up for research and development in AI.

 •     The Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) launched the US-India Artificial Intelligence Initiative to promote AI innovation through collaboration.

 •    Responsible AI for Youth was launched by government schools to prepare the younger generation for AI and bridge the skill gap in India.

 •     NITI Aayog launched a program called National Program on AI to guide research and development in this growing technology.

 •     NITI Aayog established a platform called AIRAWAT (Artificial Intelligence Research, Analytics, and Knowledge Assimilation Platform) for cloud computing.